Exploring 3D Native Foundation Models with Limited 3D Data by Unifying Text to 2D and 3D Generation
Technical Report
Abstract
Recent multimodal large language models have achieved strong performance in unified text and image understanding and generation, yet extending such native capability to 3D remains challenging due to limited data. Compared to abundant 2D imagery, high-quality 3D assets are scarce, making 3D synthesis under-constrained. Existing methods often rely on indirect pipelines that edit in 2D and lift results into 3D via optimization, sacrificing geometric consistency. We present Omni123, a 3D-native foundation model that unifies text-to-2D and text-to-3D generation within a single autoregressive framework. Our key insight is that cross-modal consistency between images and 3D can serve as an implicit structural constraint. By representing text, images, and 3D as discrete tokens in a shared sequence space, the model leverages abundant 2D data as a geometric prior to improve 3D representations. We introduce an interleaved X-to-X training paradigm that coordinates diverse cross-modal tasks over heterogeneous paired datasets without requiring fully aligned text-image-3D triplets. By traversing semantic-visual-geometric cycles (e.g., text → image → 3D → image) within autoregressive sequences, the model jointly enforces semantic alignment, appearance fidelity, and multi-view geometric consistency. Experiments show that Omni123 significantly improves text-guided 3D generation and editing, demonstrating a scalable path toward multimodal 3D world models.
Method
Omni123 method pipeline
Overview of the Omni123 architecture. Text is encoded by dual text encoders (CLIP and Qwen3-0.6B) and fed into a conditioning stream, while images and 3D shapes are tokenized into 1D discrete tokens and concatenated into a unified generation stream. The unified autoregressive transformer backbone uses 24 dual-stream blocks to jointly process the conditioning and generation tokens via causal attention, followed by 6 single-stream layers operating only on generation tokens, and finally with modality-specific linear heads that decode token logits over the 2D and 3D codebooks.
Speed
Text-to-3D
Speed
3D Editing